Global Psychiatry Archives
type: channel
description: About this journal Global Psychiatry Archives (2754-9380) is a self-published, peer-reviewed scientific psychiatric journal that aims to advance global mental health by making relevant scientific psychiatric knowledge easily accessible to all, i.e., mental health professionals, patients, families, and relatives from countries throughout the globe. We publish in English, bi-annually (two issues per year). The journal is self-published giving independence to the editorial board to focus on the best scientific publications. We accept original papers, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case-reports, global perspectives, and editorials in English language on general, biological, social and clinical psychiatry, clinical psychology, psychiatric epidemiology, global mental health issues, neuroscience and related fields relevant to psychiatry and global mental disorders. We particularly want to support researchers and authors from the developing economies as well as from communities that don't have robust healthcare systems or where medical funding for research is unavailable. We support and mentor new and young authors from across the globe to publish their research, especially on currently ­­­­­­neglected areas of mental health care. Some of the most downloaded papers have been written by medical students, junior doctors, and young clinical psychologists. We are also keen to document the current and recent psychiatric history for future generations. We therefore published several articles on the personal histories of psychiatry as lived and experienced by eminent and young psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. Global Psychiatry Archives was founded in 2018 by Professor Reinhard Heun and colleagues (see editorial board) as a new online open-access journal with the aim to advance global mental health by making relevant scientific knowledge easily accessible to all. We believe that all sub-specialities of psychiatry and mental healthcare have a global common ground and we…
publisher: Global Psychiatry Archives
language: en
publication name: Global Psychiatry Archives
issn: 2754-9380
items: Refining Mixed Depression: Proposal for Bipolar-Expansive andUnspecific-Excitative Subtypes
items: Effect of Brief Intervention On Readiness To Change And Treatment Initiation In Patient With Hypertension Using Tobacco
items: Psychiatry at the brink: reclaiming relevance in an age of global instability
items: Walking a Heavy Road: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study of a Palliative Care Patient’s Lived Experience in a Charitable Hospital in Pakistan
items: Inhibitory rTMS to the Right Temporoparietal Junction Improves Depersonalisation and Derealisation
items: Assessment of Community Needs and Perception of Mental Health in Rural Nepal
items: Cue-Induced Brain Activation and Relapse in Cigarette Smokers DuringLong-Term Smoking Cessation Treatment: A Prospective fMRI Study
items: Relevance of Gender in Mental Health in India: Women are Disadvantaged
items: Blood Biomarkers in Suicide Attempts and Psychiatric Disorders: A Pilot Study in Bangladesh
items: Addressing Cases of Mass Conversion Disorder in Schools of Western Nepal: A Case Series
items: Similar attitudes toward death among Muslims and Christians in Iraq
items: Validation of Bangla parenting style and dimension questionnaire
items: Increased Risk of Attempted and completed Suicide in Obsessive compulsive disorder: A Systematic Review of Follow-up Studies
items: Quality Assurance in Psychiatric Occupational therapy by treatment Manuals: Patients’ Perceptions of Resistance- and Regeneration-specific Occupational therapy.
items: Pharmacotherapy prescribing patterns in the treatment of bipolar disorder in a South African outpatient population
items: Facial emotion recognition performance influences executive control impairment in Anorexia nervosa: an exploratory study
items: Antidepressant drugs for older patients on polypharmacy: a systematic review reveals best evidence for sertraline
items: Football does not improve mental health: a systematic review on football and mental health disorders
items: How to write a scientific paper: a hypothesis-based approach
items: a systematic review on the effect of ramadan on mental health: minor effects and no harm in general, but increased risk of relapse in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
items: scientific publishing: a developmental role for the World Psychiatric association
items: Association of severity of depressive symptoms with sleep quality, social support and stress among Pakistani medical and dental students: A cross-sectional study
items: The effects of Guarana (Paullinia cupana) supplementation on the cognitive performance of young healthy adults – a Systematic Review.
items: Impact of River Bank Erosion on Mental Health and Coping Capacity in Bangladesh
items: Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of depression later in life. A cross sectional study in East Attica, Greece
items: Psychometric properties of the Bangla version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6)
items: Positive impact of clinical pharmacist interventions on antipsychotic use in patients on excessive polypharmacy evidenced in a retrospective cohort study
items: Barriers and facilitators to conducting research by early career psychiatrists: a literature review
items: Eating disorders, risk and management: a personal journey and a South African and African perspective
items: Anxiety In A Dental And Maxillofacial Surgery Consulting Room: Does Previous Experience Matter?

Refining Mixed Depression: Proposal for Bipolar-Expansive andUnspecific-Excitative Subtypes
type: item
description: Objectives: Mixed depression remains poorly operationalised in current nosologies, leading to misclassification and suboptimal treatment. We propose a two-subtype framework—Bipolar-Expansive Depression (BXD) and Unspecific-Excitative Depression (UXD)—to improve recognition and guide safer treatment choices. Methods: Narrative synthesis of historical accounts, critiques of DSM-5 and ICD-11, Koukopoulos’ concepts, the ISBD Task Force report (2022), validation of the Shahin Mixed Depression Scale (SMDS), and introduction of the Shahin Activated Depression Screener (SADS). Results: BXD combines depressive mood with expansive/energised features (pressured speech, goal-directed bursts, racing thoughts, reduced need for sleep). UXD presents depressive mood with excitatory distress (agitation, irritability, inner tension, motor restlessness, mood lability, crowded/racing thoughts). SMDS has been validated for non-DSM excitatory features. SADS is under development and has not yet been validated. Conclusions: Recognising BXD and UXD refines the concept of mixed depression, addressing DSM-5/ICD-11 gaps and improving patient care.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: mixed depression; bipolar disorder; DSM-5; ISBD Task Force; Shahin Mixed Depression Scale; Shahin Activated Depression Screener
  topic: keywords
creator: Gabriele Sani
creator: Giulio Perugi
creator: Eduard Vieta
creator: Stephen M. Stahl
creator: Roger S. McIntyre
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-18
publication date: 2026-06-18
starting page: 4
ending page: 5
doi: 10.52095/gpa.2025.7625.1116

Effect of Brief Intervention On Readiness To Change And Treatment Initiation In Patient With Hypertension Using Tobacco
type: item
description: Introduction: Hypertension is a prevalent condition and tobacco usage is a known risk factor for its development. The Brief Intervention is a targeted and time-limited approach that aims to promote behavior change and improve health outcomes. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Brief Interventions on readiness to change and treatment initiation in hypertensive patients who use tobacco. Method: An experimental study was conducted on 80 adult patients with hypertension who were tobacco users and seeking treatment at Department of Cardiology in a tertiary care hospital. Data was collected through structured and semi structured questionnaires i.e. socio-demographic and clinical variables, the ASSIST and a readiness to change questionnaire. Result: The majority of patients were male, married, and living in urban areas. Tobacco use was prevalent among the patients, with 77.5% using smokeless tobacco. Before the interventions, the majority (87.5%) were in the contemplation phase, 10% were in the action phase, and only 2.5% were in the maintenance phase whereas after interventions the majority (80%) was still in the contemplation phase, 15% had progressed to the action phase, and only 5% were in the maintenance phase for readiness to change. Conclusion: The present study revealed that Brief Intervention proved effective in enhancing readiness for change in patients with hypertension using tobacco. The mean score post intervention (110.20) was higher than the pre interventional score (97.41), indicating an increase in readiness for change after the brief intervention. There is a significant difference between before and after intervention with the t-value of 13.58 with 79 degrees of freedom & p value of < 0.001 which was statistically significant at the .05 level.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
creator: Rimmi Gautam
creator: Sudha Mishra
creator: Amit Singh
creator: G. Srinivasan
creator: Gaurav Chaudhary
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2026-06-18
publication date: 2026-06-18
starting page: 6
ending page: 12
doi: 10.52095/gpa.2025.7625.1115

Psychiatry at the brink: reclaiming relevance in an age of global instability
type: item
description: As the world faces multiple crises—wars and conflicts, climate change, and increasing social and political polarization—psychiatry as a discipline stands at a critical juncture. At the same time, the forthcoming revision of DSM-5-TR, in which the “S” shifts from Statistical to Scientific, reflects broader tensions within the field. Psychiatry is increasingly challenged by the anti-psychiatry movement, by new lines of investigation and intervention, and by societal debates around neurodivergence and the over-psychiatrization of normal human responses. Meanwhile, climate change, mass displacement within and across borders, protracted conflicts, economic precarity, and political instability are no longer background stressors. They are at the forefront of everyday pressures, reshaping emotional life, social bonds, and expectations about the future. In this context, psychiatry must confront an uncomfortable question: what does relevance mean when distress is structurally produced rather than individually generated? Importantly, many of these forces now move rapidly across national borders, amplifying their reach and impact.
subject: Editorial
  topic: section
creator: Julio Torales
creator: Antonio Ventriglio
creator: João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
creator: Albert Persaud
creator: Dinesh Bhugra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2026-06-18
publication date: 2026-06-18
starting page: 1
ending page: 3
doi: 10.52095/gpa.2025.7625.1113

Walking a Heavy Road: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study of a Palliative Care Patient’s Lived Experience in a Charitable Hospital in Pakistan
type: item
description: Palliative care remains underdeveloped in Pakistan, and little is known about how patients themselves experience life-limiting illness within low-resource charitable hospitals. This study explored the lived experience of a man receiving palliative care for advanced liver malignancy in a charitable hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Using a descriptive phenomenological design informed by Husserl and guided by Bevan’s method of phenomenological interviewing, one in-depth, semi-structured interview was conducted in the participant’s home. Data were analysed through phenomenological reduction, transformation of meaning units, imaginative variation, and synthesis into a structural description. The findings reveal a complex, deeply embodied and emotionally layered experience in which illness, poverty, spirituality and family responsibility are inseparably intertwined. The participant described illness as an all-encompassing disruption marked by severe physical suffering, fluctuating crises, delayed diagnosis and persistent uncertainty about death. Material hardship permeated his narrative, with poverty shaping access to care, travel, nutrition, and the ability to provide for his children. Spiritual reflection and surrender to divine will offered meaning, while humour and moral integrity helped preserve dignity. He expressed profound gratitude for the charitable hospital, describing the staff’s compassion, clarity of communication and respectful treatment as life-affirming and protective. Near-death episodes heightened awareness of mortality, yet acceptance emerged not as a linear psychological stage but as a culturally grounded, spiritually framed process aligned with Islamic and Sufi-inflected understandings of life’s cycles. This study highlights the significance of culturally attuned, holistic palliative care that addresses physical symptoms alongside socioeconomic, familial and spiritual concerns. It underscores the centrality of compassion, trust and clear communication i…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Palliative care,
  topic: keywords
subject: Phenomenology,
  topic: keywords
subject: Lived experience,
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan,
  topic: keywords
subject: Poverty and health
  topic: keywords
creator: Salman Shafiq
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2026-06-18
publication date: 2026-06-18
starting page: 13
ending page: 27
doi: 10.52095/gpa.2026.7625.1114

Inhibitory rTMS to the Right Temporoparietal Junction Improves Depersonalisation and Derealisation
type: item
description: Depersonalization - derealisation disorder (DDD) is a psychiatric condition whereby the individual has persistent or recurrent episodes of depersonalization, derealization, or both. Several therapeutic approaches have been suggested for the treatment of DDD. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a new non-invasive intervention that has shown promising results in many neuropsychiatric conditions. The role of rTMS as a therapeutic approach in DDD is not extensively investigated. In this paper, we report a case of DDD who presented with depersonalisation and derealisation with prominent, varied visual symptoms and benefited from inhibitory rTMS stimulation to the right temporal-parietal junction (TPJ). The patient received 15 sessions of 1 Hz 1200 pulses/session at 110% of resting motor threshold over a period of 3 weeks. The patient reported improvement in several symptom domains of derealisation as well as complete cessation of some of the visual symptoms, such as visual floaters and grid lines in her visual field. Incremental improvement in symptoms was observed from the 10th session to the 15th session. The level of depressive symptoms did not change following rTMS intervention. The case report highlights the specificity of the right TPJ stimulation in the improvement of DDD symptoms and provides evidence that rTMS should be considered as an intervention approach in DDD.
subject: Case Study
  topic: section
creator: Sanjay Kumar
creator: Tina Malhotra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2026-06-18
publication date: 2026-06-18
starting page: 28
ending page: 31
doi: 10.52095/gpa.2025.7625.1117

Assessment of Community Needs and Perception of Mental Health in Rural Nepal
type: item
description: Background: Mental health disorders are a major global burden, with countries like Nepal experiencing high prevalence and significant treatment gaps. Community perceptions critically shape health-seeking behaviours, yet research in rural Nepal is limited. This study explores knowledge, perceived risk factors, care options and help-seeking attitudes related to mental illness and suicide in Saudiyar, a rural village in Dang district, Nepal, with no regular formal mental health services. It is part of a needs assessment by Health Foundation Nepal (HFN) to inform planning of community mental health interventions. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 in Saudiyar, Dang. Using purposive and convenience sampling, 119 participants from 11 community groups were surveyed with a semi-structured Nepali-language questionnaire. Topics included mental health knowledge, perceptions, risk factors, suicide exposure and care preferences. Complete case analysis and descriptive statistics were used to summarise findings using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Results: A total of 95.8% of participants had heard of mental illness, with the radio as the main source of information. Stress and worry (57.1%), alcoholism (53.8%), and depression (28.6%) were identified as key mental health issues. Low self-esteem, poverty, and family problems were seen as major risk factors for mental illness and suicide. While 38.2% had known someone who died by suicide, only 4.5% reported personal experience with mental illness, and 10.2% reported a family member being affected. Doctors (75.7%) and medication (88.8%) were seen as helpful treatments, alongside yoga (78.2%) and Bhajan (religious songs–59.7%). Nearly all participants (99.2%) supported establishing community-based mental health services. Conclusion: TOur study identified a community’s perception of stress, alcohol use, poverty-related hardship, family conflict and low self-esteem as major contributing fact…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biomedical treatment, Health-seeking behaviour, Nepal, Perception, Self-esteem, Suicide.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sudhamsu Gautam
creator: Binita Adhikari
creator: Madan Raj Bhatt
creator: Shiva Raj Mishra
creator: Rajan Paudel
creator: Saraswati Dhungana
creator: Min Raj Adhikari
creator: Hari Neupane
creator: Shreedhar Paudel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 74
ending page: 82
doi: 10.52095/gpa.2025.7594.1104

Cue-Induced Brain Activation and Relapse in Cigarette Smokers DuringLong-Term Smoking Cessation Treatment: A Prospective fMRI Study
type: item
description: Background: Studies investigating cue-induced brain activation as markers for cigarette use relapse have yet to be examined for their relevance in long-term cessation treatment. This feasibility functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigation compared regions of cigarette cue-induced brain activation between cigarette smokers who relapsed versus those who abstained during a six-month intervention programme. Method: Eighteen adult cigarette smokers (>15x/day cigarette use >2 years) with tobacco use disorder completed a baseline fMRI cue exposure paradigm before undergoing treatment. Whole-brain fMRI contrasts between cue exposure conditions (cigarette, neutral) were assessed in patients who relapsed (≥1x cigarette use) compared to those who abstained during treatment. Subjective craving was assessed after each block. Results: Nine patients relapsed (38.9 ± 6.9 years old; 4F) and nine abstained (40.3 ± 7.4; 6F) from cigarette use. Relative to abstainers, patients who relapsed exhibited greater activation in parietal, fusiform, cingulate, prefrontal, orbitofrontal, and supplementary motor area regions. There were no group differences in craving. Conclusion: Cue-elicited brain activation associated with cigarette use relapse during treatment was observed in areas involved in value-driven attention. Cue-related neural activation in these areas may be potential vulnerability markers for cigarette use relapse during long-term interventions. Given the promising results in this small pilot, further investigations are warranted.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cue reactivity, fMRI, Relapse, Smoking cessation treatment, Tobacco.
  topic: keywords
creator: Stefanie Todesco
creator: Thomas Chao
creator: Christian G. Schütz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 87
ending page: 91
doi: 10.52095/gpa.2025.7625.1112

Relevance of Gender in Mental Health in India: Women are Disadvantaged
type: item
description: When it comes to mental health, gender matters. Men and women experience psychological stress in different ways. Gender disparities are especially noticeable in mental illnesses that are more common in women. In addition to being more likely than other women to experience sexual or physical abuse, women who misuse alcohol or drugs tend to blame their drinking on stressful situations or traumatic experiences. Young married women and girls from nuclear homes are more likely to commit suicide or self-harm. Social and gender-specific variables influence the occurrence and progression of mental illnesses in female patients. The low number of hospital visits among women can be partially attributed to their lack of resources. In India, over two-thirds of married women are victims of domestic abuse. The prevalence of domestic violence from 2019 to 2021 was 31.2%. Approximately 28.5%, 13.1% and 5.7% of women reported experiences of physical, emotional and sexual violence (Mishra SK et al., 2024). Social, political, economic and legal reforms have the potential to transform Indian women’s lives and improve their mental wellbeing. To deal with the difficulties that women’s mental health presents today, it is critical to approach mental health initiatives from a gender perspective. In addition, investigating alternative approaches to service delivery, including the use of mobile phone technology, which has the potential to be efficient and increase accessibility to services, can enhance the provision of mental healthcare for women.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Women,
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender,
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Wellbeing,
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Illness,
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health Problems
  topic: keywords
creator: Sudha Mishra
creator: Rashmi Rawat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 83
ending page: 86
doi: 10.52095/gpa.2025.7962.1111

Blood Biomarkers in Suicide Attempts and Psychiatric Disorders: A Pilot Study in Bangladesh
type: item
description: Background: Blood biomarkers showed some associations with mental health conditions. However, they remain inconclusive in predicting psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts. Identification of peripheral blood biomarkers for suicide prediction could enable early preventive measures as they are cheap and easy to measure. Objectives: We aim to compare blood biomarkers between people who have attempted suicide and who have psychiatric disorders. Methods: Data were collected for this cross-sectional study between July 2021 and November 2023 from 55 hospitalised patients categorised into two groups – suicide attempt (n = 29) and psychiatric disorder (n = 26). We measured the complete blood count and C-reactive protein (CRP). All statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 and were tested using a two-sided test, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 26.1 (±10.0) years which was significantly lower for people with suicide attempts than for those with psychiatric disorders. The mean CRP level (p = 0.011), total leukocyte count (p = 0.024), neutrophil (p = 0.002), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR, p = 0.002) were significantly higher among people with suicide attempts, whereas the lymphocyte (p = 0.002) and monocyte (0.029) were significantly higher among psychiatric patients. Conclusion: The findings showed NLR and CRP were more prominent blood biomarkers in suicide attempts than in psychiatric patients. However, due to the small sample size, caution is required when generalising the study results.
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,
  topic: keywords
subject: C-reactive protein,
  topic: keywords
subject: non-fatal suicidal attempts,
  topic: keywords
subject: suicide in Bangladesh, cross-sectional analysis, psychiatric disorder
  topic: keywords
creator: S M Yasir Arafat
creator: Sanjida Tanjin Khan
creator: Md. Golam Kibria
creator: Russell Kabir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 68
ending page: 73
doi: 10.52095/gpa.2025.7863.1108

Addressing Cases of Mass Conversion Disorder in Schools of Western Nepal: A Case Series
type: item
description: Background: Mass conversion disorder (MCD), or functional neurological symptom disorder, involves motor or sensory symptoms without medical explanation that impair functioning. When such symptoms spread within groups, it is termed MCD, which can often be seen in schools and can be shaped by cultural and social dynamics. This case series examines the presentation, shared features and health-seeking behaviours of students affected by MCD in Ghorahi municipality, Dang, Nepal. Methods: Between June and August 2022, four public schools in Ghorahi reported MCD cases to the Health Foundation Nepal (HFN). The rapid mental health team responded, conducting retrospective assessments through observation, physical examination, and also interviews with students, parents and teachers. Clinical symptoms and demographic data were compiled, standardised and descriptively analysed. Results: Between June and August 2022, 20 female students aged 8 to 16 years (mean age 11.8 ± 1.98 years), mostly from school grades 5 (30%) and 6 (30%), were affected across four public schools in Dang, Nepal. Headache (40%), weakness with loss of coordination (35%), dizziness (25%), and cold periphery with numbness (25%) were major symptoms reported. Up to 80% described experiences involving spirits, and 55% knew a family member with a similar illness. Up to 95% had previous episodes, 90% had recurrences, 35% had parents separated due to divorce, and 30% due to unemployment. None of the students’ parents had a formal education beyond grade 10. All affected students were taken to traditional healers, and 50% also to hospitals, with timing and order of visits varying by case. Most parents attributed the illness to spirit possession, and teachers noted the need for training and support to address MCD cases. Conclusions: The MCD in Dang’s public schools was influenced by cultural beliefs and family stressors. There was a high female prevalence, repeated MCD episodes, low parental education and a preference f…
subject: Research Article
  topic: section
subject: Celebrity suicide,
  topic: keywords
subject: Bangladesh,
  topic: keywords
subject: Media reporting,
  topic: keywords
subject: Content analysis,
  topic: keywords
subject: WHO guidelines
  topic: keywords
creator: Sudhamsu Gautam
creator: Prajjwal Pokhare
creator: Abishkar Thapa
creator: Prayas Gautam
creator: Silvia Maharjan
creator: Susagya Bhusal
creator: Subash Wagle
creator: Shreedhar Paudel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
starting page: 60
ending page: 67
doi: 10.52095/gpa.2025.7579.1100

Similar attitudes toward death among Muslims and Christians in Iraq
type: item
description: Objective: Knowing people’s attitudes towards death is useful in examining people’s level of flexibility, problem management, and self-care. The religious and related cultural background of a person may affect their attitude towards death. The current study evaluated Christian and Muslim respondents’ attitudes towards death in Iraqi society. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100 individuals from the two main religious groups (Muslim and Christian) were groupmatched for gender, age, marital status, and personal monthly income. The attitude towards death was measured through a death attitude profile-revised questionnaire, and findings were analysed using SPSS version 20 by applying Pearson correlation and central tendencies. Results: Findings revealed that both religions’ followers have no major fear of death and, at the same time, a reasonable approach to acceptance towards death. Overall, religion had no significant effect on participant attitudes towards death, which means both religions’ followers share the same approaches and attitudes towards death. Conclusion: From the current research work, it can be concluded that there is no significant impact of religion on individual attitudes towards death and both religions’ followers have no major death anxiety. Muslims and Christians have reasonably accepting attitudes towards death as indicated by five-dimensional attitudes toward death scores. Future studies should focus on a larger population from different cultures and religious backgrounds to generalise these findings to other populations and cultural settings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Attitude Towards Death, Religion, Muslim, Christian, Approach Acceptance, Death Avoidance, Escape Acceptance, Fear Of Death, Natural Acceptance, Iraq.
  topic: keywords
creator: Darya Rostam Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-07-08
publication date: 2022-07-08
starting page: 83
ending page: 89

Validation of Bangla parenting style and dimension questionnaire
type: item
description: Objectives: There has been a plethora of studies conducted on different aspects of parenting and how it affects children. However, assessment of parenting style and dimension is untouched in Bangladesh. The Parenting Style and Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ) is a self-reporting questionnaire responded by parents regarding their parenting practices, which assesses the three categories of parenting styles, namely, authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. It was aimed to adapt and validate PSDQ in Bangla which is the mother tongue of the people of Bangladesh. Methods: The validation study was conducted from January 2017 to June 2018 in three schools of Dhaka city with the selfreporting semi-structured Bangla version of PSDQ. The adaptation of PSDQ to Bangla was performed according to the state-ofthe-art procedure of forward–backward translation. Parents having children aged 6–16 years were approached through schools to participate in the study. Data were collected from 349 parents and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science version 16.0 software. Results: Cronbach’s alpha of PSDQ Bangla was 0.84, which signifies a good internal consistency. Cronbach’s alpha of authoritative domain was 0.95, authoritarian domain 0.88, and permissive domain 0.78. A total of three factors were extracted using exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation after discarding four items that had poor correlation and factor loading values. The three extracted factors were authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive; these are similar with the initial three dimensions of PSDQ. Conclusions: Current study resulted in PSDQ Bangla, which retains 35 items in 3 domains with distribution of 20 items in authoritative domain, 9 items in authoritarian domain, and 6 items in permissive domain. The 35-item PSDQ Bangla can be a psychometrically reliable and valid tool to use in clinical setting of psychiatric practices in Bangladesh, especially to deal with child psychiatric disord…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Parenting style, PSDQ Bangla, authoritative parenting, authoritarian parenting, permissive parenting
  topic: keywords
creator: S. M. Yasir Arafat
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2018-07-04
publication date: 2018-07-04
starting page: 95
ending page: 108

Increased Risk of Attempted and completed Suicide in Obsessive compulsive disorder: A Systematic Review of Follow-up Studies
type: item
description: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe, often long-term mental disorder. It may be independent from, or comorbid with other mental disorders, especially depression and anxiety disorders. Suicidal thoughts, ideations and ruminations are prevalent in subjects with OCD, but it is not yet clear if the incidences of attempted and completed suicides have increased in comparison with the general population and with other psychiatric disorders. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search on the incidence of suicide attempts and completed suicides in subjects with OCD. Search terms for Pubmed and Medline were OCD and suicide. We selected papers providing follow-up data on the incidence of attempted and completed suicide in OCD. Results: 404 papers were initially identified. Only 8 papers covering six studies provided prospective data on attempted or completed suicide over a defined period in subjects with OCD, four studies included control subjects. Two studies providing follow-up data were limited to high-risk samples and did not provide enough data on the incidence of suicide in comparison with the general population. The conclusion that there is an increased risk of attempted and completed suicides in OCD can only be based on one large Swedish National Registry sample with an up to 44 year follow up. Psychiatric comorbidity is the most relevant risk factor for suicide. Conclusions: Even though some studies report an increased incidence of attempted and completed suicides in OCD patients from selected high risk samples, the evidence from population based studies is mostly based on one large Swedish study. More long-term studies in the general population with a reduced risk of subject attrition are needed. Using a clear definition and assessment of suicidal behaviour and a common time-frame would improve the comparability of future studies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD, suicide, completed suicide, suicide attempt, suicidal behaviour, follow-up, incidence, epidemiology
  topic: keywords
creator: Reinhard Heun
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2018-07-04
publication date: 2018-07-04
starting page: 61
ending page: 70

Quality Assurance in Psychiatric Occupational therapy by treatment Manuals: Patients’ Perceptions of Resistance- and Regeneration-specific Occupational therapy.
type: item
description: Objectives: Training, treatment and quality assurance in occupational therapy need guidelines and manuals. Two manuals and corresponding manual adherence checklists were developed for resistance- and regeneration-oriented treatment strategies, which are standard in occupational therapy. The hypothesis is that occupational therapists can apply different treatments and that this can be measured. Methods: In a psychiatric-psychosomatic rehabilitation hospital, 108 patients were randomly assigned to the regeneration group and 113 to the resistance group. Patients were asked to indicate on a manual adherence checklist which interventions they had experienced during treatment. Additionally, a convenience sample of 124 patients who had not participated in the special groups but only in routine occupational therapy was interviewed at the end of the hospital stay. Results: Resistance-oriented interventions were significantly more often reported in the resistance group and regeneration-oriented intervention was reported in the regeneration group. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that the occupational therapy can be standardised according to treatment manuals and that protocol adherence can be ascertained, similar to that in other psychotherapies. This is important for training, practice, research and quality control, as manual guided and monitored treatment allows transparency in regard to what should and what has been done in therapy
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quality assurance, manualised occupational therapy, protocol adherence, quality control, standardisation
  topic: keywords
creator: Jenny Hufenreuter
creator: Josephine Otto
creator: Michael Linden
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2018-07-04
publication date: 2018-07-04
starting page: 71
ending page: 94

Pharmacotherapy prescribing patterns in the treatment of bipolar disorder in a South African outpatient population
type: item
description: Objectives: To describe the range and frequency of psychotropics used in the management of bipolar disorder in a specific setting as well as describe the nature and frequency of monotherapy versus polypharmacy use. Specifically to determine congruence with recommended standard of care that might inform a review and refinement of prescribing within this context. Methods: The study was a retrospective file review for patients with bipolar disorder (ICD 10 and or DSM IV TR diagnostic criteria) attending the outpatient clinic of a specialised psychiatric hospital (Tara Hospital) affiliated to th e De partment of Ps ychiatry (University of the Witwatersrand) in Johannesburg, South Africa. Data were presented both descriptively (continuous, discrete and categorical data) and with a range of appropriate statistical tests used for associations between categorical data (Chi Square; Fisher’s exact test; Cramer’s V and the phi coefficient). Results: The majority of patients (93.8%) were prescribed polypharmacy, with 3.2 as the mean number of psychotropic medications prescribed per patient (as determined from the last prescription written during the period of review, i.e. one year). There was a notable variety in the combinations used with no particular combination being prescribed in the majority of patients, noting, however, that 47% of the combinations used included a standard mood stabiliser prescribed together with an antipsychotic. Conclusions: The current study provides data on the prescribing patterns for bipolar disorder in a specialist psychiatric clinic within an academic complex in South Africa. The findings reflect international studies and highlight polypharmacy and combination treatment as common in such settings. Where polypharmacy is prescribed, the variation in combinations prescribed indicate that whilst treatment guidelines may provide a best practice approach, studies determining the most useful combinations are few and ultimately clinical requirements for …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Drug therapy, bipolar disorder, outpatient, South Africa.
  topic: keywords
creator: Eleanor Mari Holzapfel
creator: Christopher Paul Szabo
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2018-07-04
publication date: 2018-07-04
starting page: 39
ending page: 51

Facial emotion recognition performance influences executive control impairment in Anorexia nervosa: an exploratory study
type: item
description: Objectives. Since evidence on executive control among women with Anorexia or Bulimia Nervosa (AN/BN) are somehow inconclusive, we aimed to explore whether performance in set-shifting in AN/BN might be influenced by Facial Emotion Recognition (FER). Methods. We randomly recruited women with a diagnosis of AN or BN, from an Eating Disorders Outpatient Clinic in Italy, as well as healthy controls (HCs). We evaluated with established tools: diagnosis (Eating Disorder Examination- EDE-17.0), executive control (Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift-IED) and FER (Ekman 60 Faces Test-EK-60F). Univariate distributions by diagnostic subgroups were assessed on sociodemographic and clinical variables, which were selected for subsequent multiple linear regression analyses. Results. Women with AN performed significantly worse than HCs on IED adjusted total errors. HCs scored significantly better than AN and BN on EK-60F fear subscale. Although IED set shifting was associated (p = 0.008) with AN, after controlling for age, EK60F fear subscale, alexithymia and depression (i.e., clinically relevant covariates identified a priori from the literature, or associated with AN/BN at univariate level), this association could not be confirmed. Conclusions. Impaired executive control may not be a distinctive feature in women with AN, since several clinical characteristics, including fear recognition ability, are likely to have an important role. This has significant implications for relevant interventions in AN, which should aim at also improving socio-emotional processing.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Executive control, facial emotion recognition, eating disorders.
  topic: keywords
creator: Giuseppe Carrà
creator: Giulia , Brambilla
creator: Manuela Caslini
creator: Francesca Parma
creator: Alessandro Chinello
creator: Francesco Bartoli
creator: Cristina Crocamo
creator: Luigi Zappa
creator: Costanza Papagno
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2018-07-04
publication date: 2018-07-04
starting page: 53
ending page: 60

Antidepressant drugs for older patients on polypharmacy: a systematic review reveals best evidence for sertraline
type: item
description: Objectives: There is almost no data on antidepressant prescribing in older adults treated with polypharmacy, although this population represents approximately 50% of older patients. These patients are frequently excluded from double-blind randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses and existing treatment guidelines. The main aim of this paper was to identify data on antidepressant prescribing in depressed older adults on polypharmacy using a systematic review. Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and other clinical trials in Medline/PubMed without language limitation (-2017) were searched to identify those with older depressed patients on polypharmacy. Only elderly patients (>65 years as mean) were included. Only approved antidepressants were included. Results: The systematic search identified 26 different clinical trials, although only one clinical open label trial with sertraline met the final inclusion criteria. This sertraline trial indicated the absence of clinically important drug-drug interactions and confirmed the effectiveness and safety of sertraline in routine clinical practice. Heterogeneity in this trial was high in almost all the categories except attrition and reporting bias. Conclusions: Sertraline has the highest evidence level in older adults with depression on polypharmacy. According to the results of this review and due to a low number of appropriate trials, a basic understanding of psychopharmacology is the possible approach to avoid serious problematic drug combinations in these patients. Newer RCTs are also urgently needed. This is the first systematic review including patients treated with polypharmacy, and therefore, its results are important in the field of evidence-based medicine
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antidepressants, older patients, medication prescribing, polypharmacy, systematic review, sertraline.
  topic: keywords
creator: Stuhec, Matej
creator: Serra-Mestres Jordi
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2018-07-04
publication date: 2018-07-04
starting page: 17
ending page: 24

Football does not improve mental health: a systematic review on football and mental health disorders
type: item
description: Objective: Both football (also called association football or soccer) and mental health disorders have a global impact on the lives of billions of people. Football has been used to approach and support subjects with or at risk of mental health disorders. However, it is not clear if football itself has any beneficial effect on the mental health of players, fans or spectators. Consequently, the aim of the current systematic review was to examine if playing or watching football impacts on the frequency of mental health problems in people who are involved in playing or watching the game. Methods: We performed a systematic review on the relationship between football and mental health disorders. A total of 662 abstracts were screened initially. We identified 17 relevant papers assessing the prevalence of mental health disorders in current and previous football players, referees or spectators. Results: The prevalence and 12 months incidence of mental health problems in active and retired professional players and referees were similar to or higher than those found in the general population, possibly as response to osteoarthritis, severe injuries, career dissatisfaction, low social support and poor employment status after retirement. Studies in adolescent amateurs and spectators indicate that playing and watching football games may negatively affect subjective mental health, even though qualitative studies indicate mental health benefits of playing or watching football. Discussion: Players, referees and spectators are unlikely to present with fewer mental health problems than other members of society as a result of their involvement with football. It appears that some of the infrastructure that supports resilience in mental health such as a sense of inclusion, shared purpose and positive peer identification might be developed by playing in or supporting a team. Strategies that may use the assumed positive aspects of football need to be validated before implementation of larg…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Football, soccer, mental health, depression, anxiety, players, referees, spectators.
  topic: keywords
creator: Reinhard Heun
creator: Alan Pringle
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2018-07-04
publication date: 2018-07-04
starting page: 25
ending page: 38

How to write a scientific paper: a hypothesis-based approach
type: item
description: Many books and other published recommendations provide a large, sometimes excessive amount of information to be included, and of mistakes to be avoided in research papers for academic journals. However, there is a lack of simple and clear recommendations on how to write such scientific articles. To make life easier for new authors, we propose a simple hypothesis-based approach, which consistently follows the study hypothesis, section by section throughout the manuscript: The introduction section should develop the study hypothesis, by introducing and explaining the relevant concepts, connecting these concepts and by stating the study hypotheses to be tested at the end. The material and methods section must describe the sample or material, the tools, instruments, procedures and analyses used to test the study hypothesis. The results section must describe the study sample, the data collected and the data analyses that lead to the confirmation or rejection of the hypothesis. The discussion must state if the study hypothesis has been confirmed or rejected, if the study result is comparable to, and compatible with other research. It should evaluate the reliability and validity of the study outcome, clarify the limitations of the study and explore the relevance of the supported or rejected hypothesis for clinical practice and future research. If needed, an abstract at the beginning of the manuscript, usually structured in objectives, material and methods, results and conclusions, should provide summaries in two to three sentences for each section. Acknowledgements, declarations of ethical approval, of informed consent by study subjects, of interests by authors and a reference list will be needed in most scientific journals.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Psychiatry, neuroscience, publication, manuscript, hypothesis
  topic: keywords
creator: Reinhard Heun
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2018-07-04
publication date: 2018-07-04
starting page: 03
ending page: 06

a systematic review on the effect of ramadan on mental health: minor effects and no harm in general, but increased risk of relapse in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
type: item
description: Objectives: Globally, Moslems are the second largest religious group. During the month of Ramadan from dawn to sundown, healthy Moslems are required to refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, sexual activity and harmful behaviour towards others and themselves. Thus Ramadan may change individual physical states and social interactions. Both might affect mental health within society. Consequently, this systematic review looks at the various effects of Ramadan on mental health. Methods: A literature search on Ramadan and mental health initially identified 294 papers. We finally selected all 22 relevant papers covering Ramadan and mental health from which study data were extracted. Results: Relevant papers focussed on the general population and healthy volunteers, on subjects practising sports, on subjects with severe physical disorders, on subjects at risk of eating disorders and on subjects with mental health disorders. The effects of Ramadan on mental well-being were mixed. Positive and negative effects were usually minor, except in subjects with schizophrenia and metabolic syndrome, and in subjects with bipolar disorder who suffered a substantial increase of relapses. Conclusion: Ramadan fasting is safe in most conditions and disorders, but caution is required in subjects with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The research on mental health and Ramadan would profit from larger studies with more representative samples to help understand the intra-individual and social factors that affect the mental health and well-being in patients and in society. The scientific potential of such studies may have been overlooked in the psychiatric community.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Systematic review, Ramadan, fasting, mental health, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder
  topic: keywords
creator: Reinhard Heun
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2018-07-04
publication date: 2018-07-04
starting page: 07
ending page: 16

scientific publishing: a developmental role for the World Psychiatric association
type: item
description: .
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: .
  topic: keywords
creator: Christopher Paul Szabo
creator: Joao Mauricio Castaldelli- Maia
creator: Prabha Chandra
creator: Alfredo Cia
creator: Reinhard Heun
creator: Dusica Lecic- Tosevski
creator: Michelle Riba
creator: Peter Tyrer
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2018-07-04
publication date: 2018-07-04
starting page: 01
ending page: 02

Association of severity of depressive symptoms with sleep quality, social support and stress among Pakistani medical and dental students: A cross-sectional study
type: item
description: Objectives: This study has been designed to elucidate the prevalence of stress, depression and poor sleep among medical students in a Pakistani medical school. There is a paucity of data on social support among medical students in Pakistan; an important predictor of depressive symptoms. Therefore, this study was also aimed to demonstrate the direct and indirect impact of social support in alleviating depressive symptoms in the study sample. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, where a total of 400 students at a medical school were approached between 1st January to 31 st March 2018 to participate in the study. The study sample comprised of medical and dental students enrolled at a privately financed Pakistani medical and dental school. The participants responded to a selfadministered survey comprising of five parts: a) demographics, b) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), c) Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), d) Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and e) Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4). All data were analysed using SPSS v. 20. Linear regression analysis was used to reveal the predictors of depression. Results: In total, 353 medical students participated, yielding a response rate of 88.25%. Overall, poor sleep quality was experienced by 205 (58.1%) students. Mild to severe depression was reported by 83% of the respondents: mild depression by 104 (29.5%), moderate depression by 104 (29.5%), moderately severe depression by 54 (15.3%) and severe depression by 31 (8.8%) respondents. Subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, daytime dysfunction and stress levels were significantly associated with depression symptoms. Social support was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms in the regression model (Beta = -0.08, P 0.09); however, it acted as a significant mediator, reducing the strength of the relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep quality and stress. Conclusions: Accor…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sleep, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, stress, depression, social support, patient health questionnaire, medical students, Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed lawole
creator: Aqsa Iftikhar
creator: Zahra Malik
creator: Kapil Kiran Aedma
creator: Hafsa Meraj
creator: Sadiq Naveed
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2019-07-04
publication date: 2019-07-04
starting page: 211
ending page: 220

The effects of Guarana (Paullinia cupana) supplementation on the cognitive performance of young healthy adults – a Systematic Review.
type: item
description: OBJECTIVES: Guarana (Paullinia cupana) from the Sapindaceae family, native to the Amazon basin, is a natural stimulant herb that can be found in popular energy drinks, pharmaceutical shops or local herb shops. With the use of natural health products increasing, guarana has gained a fair amount of popularity in the past years. In this systematic review, we examined the effects of guarana supplementation on cognitive performance. A secondary objective was to compare guarana with caffeine on cognitive performance. METHODS: Searches were made in PubMed using the terms ‘Guarana’ or ‘Paullinia cupana’. Filters focused on Controlled Clinical trials. Inclusion criteria were met by studies using interventions with guarana, while focusing on guarana’s effects on cognition. Participants needed to be young, healthy adults. Studies not published in English or Greek were excluded. The last date of our search was March 7, 2019. RESULTS: A total of 29 studies were identified and screened. After screening, 17 studies were excluded. The remaining 12 studies were found eligible for data extraction. After reading the full text of the 12 studies, 3 studies were excluded. In the end, 9 studies were found eligible for our systematic review (n = 369 participants). In these studies, guarana showed to improve reaction time and accuracy of performance at cognitive tasks. No significant differences were found when comparing guarana with caffeine. CONCLUSION: Guarana seems to improve reaction time and accuracy of performance at tasks, but no significant effects were found when compared with caffeine. High quality randomized controlled clinical trials with a low risk of bias are needed to further study the herb.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Guarana, Paullinia Cupana, Caffeine, Cognition, Nootropics, Herbal Medicine, Systematic Review
  topic: keywords
creator: Fanaras Konstantinos
creator: Reinhard Heun
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2019-07-04
publication date: 2019-07-04
starting page: 171
ending page: 182

Impact of River Bank Erosion on Mental Health and Coping Capacity in Bangladesh
type: item
description: Objectives: Riverbank erosion is a regular phenomenon that displaces millions of people every year worldwide. More than 100,000 people are displaced due to river erosion every year in Bangladesh. People have to resettle in a different place leaving behind their property and familiar environment. This transformation with economic crisis acts as a major stressor for the persons and their families. However, people may adapt different strategies to adapt this difficult situation and keep themselves healthy. They might have higher coping skills due to what they had to endure. This study aimed to find out the difference in the mental health status and coping strategies among the river bank erosion affected and non-affected people in Bangladesh Methods: We interviewed 100 adult respondents, of whom 50 had been affected and 50 had never been affected by river erosion in Bangladesh. All the participants completed self-report sociodemographic questionnaires; their mental state was evaluated with the Bangla version of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and the coping was measured using the COPE scale. Result: The mental health well-being score of the affected group was significantly lower than the non-affected group. However, accounting for gender, income and age, the affected group had lower mean score in coping (55.86) then the non-affected group (64.04). However, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Riverbank erosion is a major natural disaster in Bangladesh that makes people vulnerable to mental disorder. However, it receives less attention; we hope this study will stimulate future researcher to explore mental state and coping mechanism in multiple perspectives and develop evidence-based service for them.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Riverbank erosion, mental health, coping strategy, Bangladesh, resilience
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarzam Arobi
creator: Jamiun Naher
creator: Tanjir Rashid Soron
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2019-07-04
publication date: 2019-07-04
starting page: 195
ending page: 200

Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of depression later in life. A cross sectional study in East Attica, Greece
type: item
description: Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of depression later in life in an urban area and to investigate the associations between possible risk and protective factors including adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the active members of the open day-care centres for older people, in EastAttica, Greece. An anonymous questionnaire was developed to collect basic demographic and medical data, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was applied to screen the elderly for depressive symptoms, the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to quantify sleep disturbances and adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Statistics was processed with SPSS 24.0. Results: 154 older adults took part in the study. According to GDS-15, 24.7% (21.4% moderate and 3.2% severe type) screened positive for depressive symptoms. 29.9% of the participants reported inadequate sleep, based on AIS. Depression and insomnia in older participants were more frequent in women than in men, in lower educated, in participants with lower monthly income and in older people with comorbidity (p 0.05). MDS revealed that adherence to a Mediterranean diet was moderate for 64.3% of the participants, and it was high for 34.4%. Depression diagnosed by a physician, was strongly associated with MDS (p = 0.035) and AIS (p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis results revealed a diet higher in vegetables and lower in poultry and alcohol was associated with decreased likelihood of developing symptoms of depression later in life. Conclusions: Our results support that depression in older adults is common and strongly associated with several risk factors. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet may protect against the development of depressive symptoms in older age. Moreover, not only diet but also sleep-deficiency might contribute to the depression later in life..
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Depression, older age, Mediterranean diet, insomnia, Geriatric Depression Scale 15, Athens Insomnia Scale, Mediterranean Diet Score
  topic: keywords
creator: Konstantinos Argyropoulos
creator: Evangelia Machini
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2019-07-04
publication date: 2019-07-04
starting page: 201
ending page: 210

Psychometric properties of the Bangla version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6)
type: item
description: Objective: The 6 item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) is a screening tool for psychological distress with robust psychometric properties; however, information is lacking on such properties of the scale on its Bangla version. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Bangla version of the K6 scale in young people. Method: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted between August 2017 and April 2018 among 718 students aged 13-24 years (45% females) from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Psychological distress was assessed using the Bangla K6. The survey was repeated in a week. Statistical software AMOS 25 and Stata SE 14 were used to conduct the analyses. Results: The Bangla K6 scale demonstrated an acceptable internal consistency with high Cronbach alpha. Principal component analysis confirmed a single-factor structure of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-factor structure of the scale with adequate fit to the survey data. Test-retest reliability was acceptable with good reliability coefficients. Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed good prediction of depressive symptoms by the Bangla K6 scores. Discussion: This study provides an initial support for the Bangla K6 scale as an acceptable instrument to assess psychological distress of Bangla-speaking young people. More research is needed to understand our ability to identify vulnerable individuals, whose native language is Bangla and who are in need of mental health support.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kessler 6, psychological distress, mental health, reliability, Bengali, Bangla, Bangladesh
  topic: keywords
creator: Asaduzzaman Khan
creator: Riaz Uddin
creator: Naznin Alam
creator: Shuhana Sultana
creator: Mahbub-Ul Alam
creator: Rushdia Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2019-07-04
publication date: 2019-07-04
starting page: 183
ending page: 194

Positive impact of clinical pharmacist interventions on antipsychotic use in patients on excessive polypharmacy evidenced in a retrospective cohort study
type: item
description: Objectives: Although antipsychotic prescribing in elderly patients using polypharmacy has not been studied in well-designed clinical trials and meta-analyses, there is an urgent need to monitor prescribing practice in this population. One of the possible approaches to optimize pharmacotherapy may be the involvement of clinical pharmacists (CPs). The aim of this research was to examine whether the involvement of a CP can improve treatment guidelines adherence and change the total number of medications per patient in older patients who are treated with excessive polypharmacy that includes antipsychotics. Methods: This cohort retrospective study included older patients (65 years or older) treated with at least one antipsychotic and excessive polypharmacy (10 or more medications concurrently) between 2012 and 2014 in primary care. The main outcome measures were antipsychotic treatment guidelines’ adherence and the total number of medications per patient after the CP’s interventions. Only interventions including antipsychotics were studied in detail (i.e., discontinuation, switching, initiation, dose adjustment, change of another medication because of a drug-related problem). Data on diagnoses, patient pharmacotherapy and the CP’s interventions were obtained from clinical records and medical reviews. Age and acceptance of the CP’s interventions were used as predictive factors for antipsychotic treatment guidelines’ adherence. Results: Forty-nine patients were included. The CP suggested 21 different interventions of which nine (42.8%) were accepted by the general practitioners. The number of medications that patients received decreased after the CP’s interventions (N of medications before: 15.4; N of medications after: 12.0, p 0.05). The acceptance of the CP’s recommendations, but not age, improved antipsychotic treatment guidelines’ adherence (p = 0.041). Conclusions: These results show that a collaborative care approach including a CP in primary care significantly impro…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Polypharmacy, clinical pharmacy, psychopharmacology, antipsychotics, aging, primary care
  topic: keywords
creator: Matej Stuhec
creator: Katja Gorenc
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2019-07-04
publication date: 2019-07-04
starting page: 155
ending page: 164

Barriers and facilitators to conducting research by early career psychiatrists: a literature review
type: item
description: Objectives: To understand and identify factors that promote and prevent research participation among early career psychiatrists (ECPs), in order to understand what would encourage more ECPs to pursue a research career. Methods: We conducted an electronic search of databases (PubMed and the Cochrane library) using the keywords ‘doctors’, ‘trainees’, ‘residents’, ‘physicians’ and ‘psychiatric trainees’ as well as ‘research’ (MeSH) and ‘publishing’ (MeSH). This search was complemented by a secondary hand search. Results: We identified 524 articles, of which 16 fulfilled inclusion criteria for this review. The main barriers included lack of dedicated time for research, lack of mentoring and lack of funding. The main facilitators were opportunities to receive mentorship and access to research funding. Conclusions: Action is needed to counteract the lack of ECPs interested in a career in research. Specific programs encouraging ECPs to pursue research careers and having access to mentors could help increase the current numbers of researching clinicians in the field.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Barriers, facilitators, research training, psychiatric training, early career psychiatrists, psychiatric trainees, residency training
  topic: keywords
creator: Katja Koelkebeck
creator: Maja Pantovic Stefanovic
creator: Dorota Frydecka
creator: Claudia Palumbo
creator: Olivier Andlauer
creator: Florian Riese
creator: Nikolina Jovanovic
creator: Mariana Pinto da Costa
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2019-07-04
publication date: 2019-07-04
starting page: 135
ending page: 154

Eating disorders, risk and management: a personal journey and a South African and African perspective
type: item
description: Eating disorders are amongst the most, disabling and lethal of psychiatric conditions. These conditions affect predominantly adolescent and young adult females, but not exclusively so. Whilst stereotypically diagnosed in western, urban societies their emergence in a range of population groups beyond the aforementioned has challenged the stereotype – no more so than in South Africa where eating disorders had not been diagnosed in black, female South Africans until the 1990s. Creating awareness of the changing demographic profile and thus risk was critical in ensuring appropriate diagnosis and management. Whilst this was a key feature of my personal journey there were numerous other aspects of risk explored for the development of eating disorders, as well as management, which will be highlighted and discussed in the paper. This has been especially relevant within the South African context.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: eating disorders, South Africa, post- apartheid, Africa, risk, management
  topic: keywords
creator: Christopher Paul Szabo
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2019-07-04
publication date: 2019-07-04
starting page: 121
ending page: 134

Anxiety In A Dental And Maxillofacial Surgery Consulting Room: Does Previous Experience Matter?
type: item
description: Objectives: To explore the associations between previous dental visits and dental anxiety among patients presenting at the dental and maxillofacial surgery clinic of Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 172 patients. Study instrument was a 9-item structured questionnaire, which obtained information about the participants regarding their: demographic profile; previous dental experience; and dental anxiety status in a dental and maxillofacial surgery consulting room. Data collected were analyzed using the SPSS Version 20 Software. Associations between variables were evaluated using Chi-square statistics using a p 0.05 to determine the level of statistical significance. Results: Roughly, six-tenth (57.6%) of the participants were males. The observed prevalence of dental anxiety among the participants was 47.7%. A history of pain experience during past dental treatment as well as a history of past dental visit were found to have statistically significant relationships with participants’ dental anxiety status (p-values 0.05). However, the frequency of previous dental visits, a history of past dental treatment, and a history of use of intraoral injections in the course of past dental treatment were found to have no statistically significant relationship with participants’ status of dental anxiety p-values 0.05. Finally, the prevalence of dental anxiety among the groups of female folks with “a history of previous visit to a dentist” and “a history of pain experience in the past dental treatment” were found to be significantly higher than that observed among similar groups among the male folks (p-values 0.05). Conclusion: Previous experience of pain plays a major role of influence over dental anxiety experience among patients. Hence, dental practitioners need to pay more attention towards dental anxiety management among patients, especially…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Dental anxiety, dentist, dental, maxillofacial, surgery, experience, patient, pain management, treatment, Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: Wasiu Olalekan Olawole
creator: Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi
creator: Abdulwarith Akinshipo
creator: Abdulrazzaq Olanrewaju Taiwo
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Global Psychiatry Archives
date: 2019-07-04
publication date: 2019-07-04
starting page: 165
ending page: 170